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ICC profile
Also called colour profile, Fogra39, Fogra51, PSO Coated v3
The file that describes how a printing process renders colour on a given kind of paper. The Fogra profiles, such as Fogra39 or its successor Fogra51, are the reference for European offset on coated paper.
In practice
The right profile is chosen with the printer, for their process and the paper planned: a file converted for coated paper will print too dark on a high-bulk stock. Ask which profile to use before converting images to CMYK, and for an illustrated book have a contract proof made with that profile.