Bleed
Also called Bleed area
The part of an image or solid colour that extends beyond the trimmed size and is cut away. Without it, the slightest drift of the guillotine leaves a white sliver along the edge.
In practice
The printer states how much to allow, often 3 mm, and more for a hardback cover that wraps round the boards. The rule also runs the other way: text or a logo too close to the edge may be clipped, so keep a safe area inside the trim. On the proof, check against the crop marks rather than the screen.